www.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/...mpf/4059628.html
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The world's banks face a $3.6 trillion "wall of maturing debt" in the next two years and must compete with debt-laden governments to secure financing, the IMF warned on Wednesday.
Many European banks need bigger capital cushions to restore market confidence and assure they can borrow, and some weak players will need to be closed, the International Monetary Fund said in its Global Financial Stability Report.
The debt rollover requirements are most acute for Irish and German banks, with as much as half of their outstanding debt coming due over the next two years, the fund said.
"These bank funding needs coincide with higher sovereign refinancing requirements, heightening competition for scarce funding resources," the IMF said.
Overall, the IMF said global financial stability has improved over the past six months.
The most pressing challenges in the coming months will be funding of banks and sovereigns, particularly in vulnerable euro area countries, it said.
The IMF and European Union bailed out Greece and Ireland, and are in talks with Portugal on a lending program as sovereign borrowing costs surge.
Many investors have questioned whether Spain can avoid a similar fate, but the IMF said Spanish authorities were taking the right steps to address the country's debt problems.
"The actions that have been taken in Spain recently have managed to decouple, in the views of markets, the fortunes of Spain relative to those of Portugal" and Ireland, said Jose Vinals, director of the IMF's Monetary and Capital Markets Department.
European banks hold large amounts of euro zone sovereign debt, making them vulnerable to losses if countries are forced to restructure.
Vinals said lending programs in Greece and Ireland were built on the assumption there would be no such restructuring, and the programs needed time to work.
Still, worries about bad debt exposure have heightened investor concerns about bank balance sheets, making it even more important for firms to shore up their capital.
US banks built up capital buffers in 2009, when regulators completed a set of stress tests that revealed some large holes.
But European banks still need to raise a "significant amount of capital" to regain access to funding markets, the fund said.
"It is ... imperative that weak banks raise capital to avoid a pernicious cycle of deleveraging, weak credit growth, and falling asset prices," it warned.
Living Dangerously
The European Central Bank's upcoming stress tests provide a "golden opportunity" to improve bank balance sheet transparency and reduce market uncertainty about the quality of assets on banks' books, the IMF said.
European banks won't be able to obtain all the necessary capital from markets, and public money may have to fill some of the gaps, it added.
Banks could also cut dividends and retain a larger portion of earnings.
"Overall, a comprehensive set of policies -- including capital-raising, restructuring and where necessary resolution of weak banks, and increased transparency about banking risks -- is needed to solve banking system vulnerabilities," it said.
"Without these reforms, downside risks will re-emerge." The IMF said banks' exposure to troubled sovereign debt is "uncertain," which adds to the funding strains.
It said government debt was generally high and on a worrying upward path in many advanced economies.
It repeated its warning that the United States and Japan faced particularly dangerous debt dynamics.
Advanced economies were "living dangerously" with high debt burdens, and faced the difficult task of trying to pare deficits without choking off the economic recovery.
The fund said government interest bills would likely rise, although the burden should generally remain manageable provided countries proceed with deficit reduction plans.
For 2011, Japan and the United States face the largest public debt rollovers of any advanced economy at 56 percent and 29 percent of gross domestic product, respectively.
"While the United States and Japan continue to benefit from low current (borrowing) rates, both are very sensitive to a potential rise in funding costs," it said.
Eine gute Analyse. Allerdings sind Trichet die Hände zum Teil gebunden. Er kann den Zins nicht auf ein für Deutschland notwendiges Niveau anheben.
Hierfür gibt es vielfältige Gründe, die Probleme in der Europeripherie, der Wechselkurs zum Dollar, der Druck der Straße etc.
Die ursächlichen Probleme liegen in der Politik.
Permanent
eine Rückkehr in die Normalität wird schmerzhaft.
Der Versuch die Schmerzen zu lindern oder in Grenzen zu halten beschränkt sich zunächst auf ein Verschieben in die Zukunft.
Die Kreditexpansion gelingt in den USA selbst mit Nullzinspolitik im Counsumer Bereich kaum noch:
http://www.ariva.de/...a_Double_Dip_t283343?pnr=10300311#jump10300311
Die Kosten laufen aus dem Ruder.
Permament
There is now an even chance that Finland will block euro zone aid to Portugal, a move that could throw into doubt the euro zone's ability to ensure its own financial stability, a Finnish finance ministry official said.
Finland holds parliamentary elections on April 17 and eurosceptic parties, which oppose bailing out Portugal or even increasing the effective size of the bailout fund, the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), are gaining support.
Finland is the only euro zone country where EFSF bailout loans have to be approved by parliament. In others, it is the government that decides.
"The situation is getting tighter by the day," Finnish finance ministry adviser Martti Salmi told Reuters.
"We got the latest polls yesterday and those who are dead against any aid to Portugal or any increase of guarantees for the EFSF get 48 percent and the others 52 percent, so it is too close to call," Salmi said.
He said the opposition Social Democratic party, which has so far been pro-European Union and could get around 18 percent of the vote, was now saying that instead of getting loans, Portugal should restructure its debt with private investor involvement.
Euro zone leaders repeated last month that there could be no private sector involvement in euro zone sovereign debt restructuring until after mid-2013, when the single currency area will launch its permanent bailout fund, the European Stability Mechanism.
"I have been touring the country, I was in 14 cities in the last few weeks and a lot of people are unwilling to enter into any rational debate. The are simply saying: it is wrong to help Portugal, it was wrong to help Greece, we should just let them go into bankruptcy," Salmi said.
Finnish Block Might Affect Others
If Finland blocks the Portuguese bailout, estimated by the European Commission at 80 billion euros, this could strengthen opposition to the bailout in Germany and cause new turmoil in debt markets, as it would signal that the functioning of the EFSF was impaired.
"We might see that the financial stability of the euro zone as a whole is in danger in some way," Salmi said.
Representatives from the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been in Lisbon since Tuesday to put together the aid package for the slow-growing, highly indebted country.
EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn, himself a Finn, acknowledging the rising opposition to the Portuguese bailout in Finland, called on Finns last week to show responsibility for the single currency area.
A euro zone source has said that even if Finland decided not to take part in the Portuguese bailout, its share of guarantees for EFSF borrowing, about 1.4 billion euros ($2.03 billion), could be redistributed among the other euro zone members.
But Salmi said that because bailouts required unanimity in the EFSF, such a solution would entail modifying the EFSF agreement, and this could face more trouble in several euro zone parliaments where it would have to be approved.
Portugal is the third euro zone country after Greece and Ireland to seek euro zone and IMF help, and public opinion in euro zone members Finland, Germany, Slovakia and the Netherlands is growing increasingly opposed to such support.
"There is a feeling that this Portuguese bailout was one too many," Salmi said.
He noted that in the 1994 referendum in Finland on whether to join the European Union, 43 percent of Finns were opposed.
There was no referendum on joining the euro zone, but if one were held today, Finland would probably vote no, Salmi said.
He said the hostility to euro bailouts voiced by Finnish opposition parties seemed more than just a bid to differentiate themselves in an election campaign with anti-bailout rhetoric getting tougher by the day.
Geld verdienen ist nicht unmöglich, es ist immer nur eine Frage wann und zu welchem Preis man die schlechten Assets gekauft hat.
Permanent
Neben der Tauschfunktion ist die Wertaufbewahrungsfunktion die Hauptaufgabe im orginären Geldsystem.
Häufig -auch von mir- wurde die Wertaufbewahrungsfunktion in Zeiten steigender Preise und niedriger Renditen in Zweifel gezogen.
Bei der aktuellen (offiziellen) Inflationsrate in Deutschland benötigt man zur Zeit eine Vorsteuerrendite von ca. 4% um die Kaufkraft (Werterhalt) zu garantieren.
Dieses gilt jedoch nicht nur für die Geldhaltung sondern für alle Assetklassen die mit der reinen Geldhaltung im Wettbewerb stehen.
Mein Acker z.B. hat nur einen Pachtrendite von gut 1% und muss somit p.a. mindestens 3% im Wert steigen um 4% Gesamtrendite zu erwirtschaften.
Meine Lebensversicherung -Riesterrente habe ich gekündigt, nur Altverträge behalten- bringen immer noch gut 4,27 % (durchschnittlich) Nachsteuerrendite.
Jede Anlageform hat im Zyklus Hoch- und Tiefpunkte.
Permanent
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