Cincinnati Financial Reports Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2025 Results

• 9% or $25 million increase in fourth-quarter 2025 pretax investment income, including a 10% increase in bond interest income.
• 12% full-year increase in fair value of total investments at December 31, 2025, including a 12% increase for the bond portfolio and a 13% increase for the stock portfolio.
• $5.568 billion parent company cash and marketable securities at year-end 2025, up 7% from a year ago.

Resiliency Led to Insurance Profitability
Stephen M. Spray, president and chief executive officer, commented: "After beginning the year with the worst catastrophe loss in our company's history, it took persistence and focus to record a 4% increase in full-year net income of $2.393 billion and $1.254 billion in full-year 2025 non-GAAP operating income – a 5% increase compared with 2024.

"For the fourth quarter, our insurance operations produced a combined ratio of 85.2% – one of our best fourth quarters in the last decade. On a full-year basis, our combined ratio of 94.9% is comfortably within our long-term annual average goal of 92% to 98% and marks 14 consecutive years of achieving an underwriting profit.

"Importantly, we continued seeing steady progress in our current accident year combined ratio before catastrophe losses. That measure improved 0.4 percentage points to 86.1% for 2025, even with the unfavorable effects of $52 million in reinsurance reinstatement premiums related to the California wildfires. 

"Our life insurance subsidiary also contributed nicely, recording a 16% increase in net income to $106 million."

Balancing Pricing Discipline and Growth
"Total property casualty net written premiums increased 9% for the year, crossing $10 billion for the first time in our company's 75-year history. While new business written premiums slowed in total for the fourth quarter and the full year, our commercial business recorded 4% growth in standard and 17% growth in excess and surplus lines new business over the course of 2025.

"Looking ahead, we know that it will take continued pricing discipline and product innovation – supported by the ongoing appointment of new agencies – to keep up the profitable growth of our insurance business.

"Our 189 commercial lines field marketing representatives work closely with the agencies in their territories, developing a deep understanding of the market conditions unique to that community. Leaning on their colleagues in a variety of disciplines, including excess and surplus lines, management liability, life insurance and loss control – they can craft comprehensive risk management programs enhanced by the ease of doing business through the Cincinnati family of companies.

"We believe that our hallmarks of strong agency relationships and fast, fair and empathetic claims service, will continue to encourage appointed agents to place their high-quality business with Cincinnati Insurance."

Record Book Value
"At December 31, 2025, our book value per share climbed 15% from a year ago, to $102.35, bolstered by a 14% increase in net pretax investment income, reaching nearly $1.2 billion for the year.

"Consolidated cash and total investments reached more than $33 billion. Our ample capital allows us to execute our long-term strategies and, at the same time, continue to pay dividends to shareholders. Our value creation ratio for 2025, which considers the dividends we pay as well as the growth in book value, was 18.8%, ahead of our 10% to 13% average annual target for this measure."

• 5% and 9% growth in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 property casualty net written premiums, reflecting price increases, premium growth initiatives and a higher level of insured exposures. The contribution to growth from Cincinnati Re^® and Cincinnati Global Underwriting Ltd.^SM in total was less than 1 percentage point for both the fourth-quarter and full-year.
• 13% and 4% decrease in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 new business premiums written by agencies, compared with a year ago. The full-year decrease included an $87 million increase in standard market property casualty production from agencies appointed since the beginning of 2024.
• 420 new agency appointments in full-year 2025, including 71 that market only our personal lines products.
• 0.5 percentage-point fourth-quarter 2025 combined ratio increase, compared with 2024, including a decrease of 3.0 points for losses from catastrophes.
• 1.5 percentage-point full-year 2025 combined ratio increase, including an increase of 1.6 points for losses from catastrophes.
• 0.4 percentage-point improvement in full-year 2025 current accident year combined ratio before catastrophe losses, including an unfavorable 0.5 points for the net effect of $52 million for reinsurance treaty reinstatement premiums related to the January 2025 wildfires in southern California.
• 0.8 and 2.0 percentage-point fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 benefit from favorable prior accident year reserve development of $20 million and $196 million, compared with 1.0 points or $25 million for fourth-quarter 2024 and 2.7 points or $236 million of favorable development for full-year 2024.
• 0.2 percentage-point increase, to 56.8%, for the full-year 2025 ratio of current accident year losses and loss expenses before catastrophes, including an increase of 1.4 points for the portion estimated as reserves for claims incurred but not reported (IBNR) and a decrease of 1.2 points for the case incurred portion.
• 0.6 percentage-point decrease in full-year 2025 underwriting expense ratio, compared with the same period of 2024, primarily due to growth in earned premiums outpacing growth in various expenses.

• 4% and 7% growth in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 commercial lines net written premiums, primarily due to higher agency renewal written premiums. Fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 commercial lines average renewal pricing increased in the mid-single-digit percent range.
• 1% and 4% increase in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 new business written premiums, as we continue to carefully underwrite each policy in a highly competitive market.
• 3.9 percentage-point fourth-quarter 2025 combined ratio increase, compared with 2024, including a decrease of 0.3 points for losses from catastrophes.
• 2.1 percentage-point full-year 2025 combined ratio improvement, including a decrease of 1.9 points for losses from catastrophes.
• 2.2 and 2.7 percentage-point fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 benefit from favorable prior accident year reserve development of $27 million and $130 million, compared with 1.8 points or $21 million for fourth-quarter 2024 and 3.1 points or $138 million of favorable development for full-year 2024.
• 0.6 percentage-point increase, to 59.9%, for the full-year 2025 ratio of current accident year losses and loss expenses before catastrophes, including an increase of 0.6 points in the ratio for current accident year losses of $2 million or more per claim.

• 10% and 14% growth in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 personal lines net written premiums, including higher renewal written premiums that benefited from rate increases in the high-single-digit percent range.
• 40% and 21% decrease in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 new business premiums written by agencies, as we continue to carefully underwrite each policy in a highly competitive market. The fourth quarter decrease included $8 million for California.
• 1.3 percentage-point fourth-quarter 2025 combined ratio increase, compared with 2024, including an increase of 1.1 points for losses from catastrophes.
• 6.1 percentage-point full-year 2025 combined ratio increase, including an increase of 7.1 points for losses from catastrophes and an increase in the underwriting expense ratio of 0.5 points for the effect of reinstatement premiums.
• $20 million of fourth-quarter 2025 unfavorable prior accident year reserve development, primarily from personal umbrella claims, compared with less than $1 million for fourth-quarter 2024.
• 0.2 percentage-point full-year 2025 benefit from favorable prior accident year reserve development of $4 million, compared to 1.0 points or $26 million for full-year 2024.
• 0.3 percentage-point improvement, to 53.6%, for the full-year 2025 ratio of current accident year losses and loss expenses before catastrophes, including an increase of 0.5 points in the ratio for current accident year losses of $2 million or more per claim.

• 8% and 11% growth in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 excess and surplus lines net written premiums, including fourth-quarter 2025 renewal price increases averaging in the mid-single-digit percent range.
• 20% and 17% increase in fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 new business premiums written by agencies, as we continue to carefully underwrite each policy in a highly competitive market.
• 8.4 percentage-point fourth-quarter 2025 combined ratio improvement, primarily due to a decrease of 4.7 points from current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophes.
• 5.6 percentage-point full-year 2025 combined ratio improvement, primarily due to a decrease of 3.9 points from prior accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophes.
• 0.5 percentage-point fourth-quarter 2025 favorable prior accident year reserve development of $1 million, compared with unfavorable 2.4 points or $3 million for fourth-quarter 2024.
• 2.7 percentage-point full-year 2025 favorable prior accident year reserve development of $19 million, compared with unfavorable development of 1.4 points or $8 million for full-year 2024.
• 1.1 percentage-point improvement, to 63.1%, for the full-year 2025 ratio of current accident year losses and loss expenses before catastrophes, including a decrease of 0.4 points in the ratio for current accident year losses of $2 million or more per claim.

• $9 million or 3% increase in full-year 2025 earned premiums, including a 3% increase for term life insurance, our largest life insurance product line.
• $15 million or 16% increase in full-year 2025 life insurance subsidiary net income, primarily due to increases in investment income and earned premiums.
• $160 million or 12% full-year 2025 increase to $1.467 billion in GAAP shareholders' equity for The Cincinnati Life Insurance Company, primarily from net income and a decrease in unrealized investment losses on fixed-maturity securities.

• $25 million or 9% rise in fourth-quarter 2025 pretax investment income, primarily due to a 10% increase in interest income from fixed-maturity securities.
• $219 million in fourth-quarter and $1.814 billion in full-year 2025 pretax total investment gains, summarized in the table below. Changes in unrealized gains or losses reported in other comprehensive income, in addition to investment gains and losses reported in net income, are useful for evaluating total investment performance over time and are major components of changes in book value and the value creation ratio.

• $33.214 billion in consolidated cash and invested assets at December 31, 2025, an increase of 13% from $29.361 billion at year-end 2024.
• $18.123 billion bond portfolio at December 31, 2025, with an average rating of A2/A. Fair value increased $493 million during the fourth quarter of 2025, including $667 million in net purchases of fixed-maturity securities.
• $12.694 billion equity portfolio was 39.9% of total investments, including $8.539 billion in appreciated value before taxes at December 31, 2025. Fair value increased $147 million during the fourth quarter of 2025, including $44 million in net sales of equity securities.
• $400 million unsecured revolving credit agreement established during fourth-quarter 2025, enhancing financial flexibility and financial strength.
• $3.59 fourth-quarter 2025 increase in book value per share, including an addition of $3.42 from net income before investment gains and $1.04 from investment portfolio net investment losses or changes in unrealized gains for fixed-maturity securities that were partially offset by $0.87 from dividends declared to shareholders.
• Value creation ratio of 18.8% for full-year 2025, including 9.1% from net income before investment gains, which includes underwriting and investment income, 10.2% from investment portfolio net investment gains or changes in unrealized gains for fixed-maturity securities, including 8.2% from our stock portfolio and 2.0% from our bond portfolio, partially offset by 0.5% from other items.

For additional information or to register for our conference call webcast, please visit investors.cinfin.com.

About Cincinnati Financial
Cincinnati Financial Corporation offers primarily business, home and auto insurance through The Cincinnati Insurance Company and its two standard market property casualty companies. The same local independent insurance agencies that market those policies may offer products of our other subsidiaries, including life insurance, fixed annuities and surplus lines property and casualty insurance. For additional information about the company, please visit cinfin.com.

Safe Harbor Statement
Our business is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements contained herein, are based upon our current estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words like "seek," "expect," "will," "should," "could," "might," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "intend," "likely," "future," or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made; we assume no obligation to update such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

Insurance-Related Risks

• Risks and uncertainties associated with our loss reserves or actual claim costs exceeding reserves
• Increased frequency and/or severity of claims or development of claims that are unforeseen at the time of policy issuance
• Unusually high levels of catastrophe losses due to risk concentrations or changes in weather patterns, environmental events, war or political unrest, terrorism incidents, cyberattacks, civil unrest or other causes; and our ability to manage catastrophe risk
• Risks associated with analytical models in key areas such as underwriting, pricing, capital management, reserving, investments, reinsurance, and catastrophe risk management
• Inadequate estimates or assumptions, or reliance on third-party data used for critical accounting estimates
• Events or conditions that could weaken or harm our relationships with our independent agencies and hamper opportunities to add new agencies, resulting in limitations on our opportunities for growth
• Mergers, acquisitions, and other consolidations of agencies that result in a concentration of a significant amount of premium in one agency or agency group and/or alter our competitive advantages
• Our inability to manage business opportunities, growth prospects, and expenses for our ongoing operations
• Changing consumer insurance-buying habits
• The inability to obtain adequate ceded reinsurance on acceptable terms, for acceptable amounts, and from financially strong reinsurers; and the potential for nonpayment or delay in payment by reinsurers
• Domestic and global events, such as the wars in Ukraine and in the Middle East, future pandemics, inflationary trends, changes in U.S. trade and tariff policy, and disruptions in the banking and financial services industry, resulting in insurance losses, capital market or credit market uncertainty, followed by prolonged periods of economic instability or recession, that lead to:
  • Securities market disruption or volatility and related effects such as decreased economic activity and continued supply chain disruptions that affect our investment portfolio and book value
  • Significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of securities and impairment of the assets
  • Significant decline in investment income due to reduced or eliminated dividend payouts from securities
  • Significant rise in losses from surety or director and officer policies written for financial institutions or other insured entities or in losses from policies written by Cincinnati Re or Cincinnati Global
  • An unusually high level of claims in our insurance or reinsurance operations that increase litigation-related expenses
  • Decreased premium revenue and cash flow from disruption to our distribution channel of independent agents, consumer self-isolation, travel limitations, business restrictions and decreased economic activity
  • The inability of our workforce, agencies, or vendors to perform necessary business functions

Financial, Economic, and Investment Risks 

• Declines in overall stock market values negatively affecting our equity portfolio and book value
• Downgrades in our financial strength ratings
• Interest rate fluctuations or other factors that could significantly affect:
  • Our ability to generate growth in investment income
  • Values of our fixed-maturity investments and accounts in which we hold bank-owned life insurance contract assets
  • Our traditional life policy reserves
• Economic volatility and illiquidity associated with our alternative investments in private equity, private credit, real property, and limited partnerships
• Failure to comply with covenants and other requirements under our credit facilities, senior debt, and other debt obligations
• Recession, prolonged elevated inflation, or other economic conditions resulting in lower demand for insurance products or increased payment delinquencies
• The inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends consistent with current or past levels impacting our ability to pay shareholder dividends or repurchase shares

General Business, Technology, and Operational Risks 

• Ineffective information technology systems or failing to develop and implement improvements in technology
• Difficulties with technology or data security breaches, including cyberattacks, could negatively affect our, or our agents', ability to conduct business; disrupt our relationships with agents, policyholders, and others; cause reputational damage, mitigation expenses, data loss, and expose us to liability
• Difficulties with our operations and technology that may negatively impact our ability to conduct business, including cloud-based data information storage, data security, remote working capabilities, and/or outsourcing relationships and third-party operations and data security
• Disruption of the insurance market caused by technology innovations such as driverless cars that could decrease consumer demand for insurance products
• Delays, inadequate data developed internally or from third parties, or performance inadequacies from ongoing development and implementation of underwriting and pricing models and methods, including usage-based insurance methods, automation, artificial intelligence, or technology projects and enhancements expected to increase our efficiency, pricing accuracy, underwriting profit, and competitiveness
• Intense competition, and the impact of innovation, emerging technologies, artificial intelligence and changing customer preferences on the insurance industry and the markets in which we operate, could harm our ability to maintain or increase our business volumes and profitability
• Inability to defer policy acquisition costs for any business segment if pricing and loss trends would lead management to conclude that the segment could not achieve sustainable profitability
• Unforeseen departure of certain executive officers or other key employees that could interrupt progress toward important strategic goals or diminish the effectiveness of certain longstanding relationships with insurance agents and others
• Our inability, or the inability of our independent agents, to attract and retain personnel
• Events, such as a pandemic, an epidemic, natural catastrophe, or terrorism, which could hamper our ability to assemble our workforce, work effectively in a remote environment, or other failures of business continuity or disaster recovery programs

Regulatory, Compliance, and Legal Risks 

• Actions of insurance departments, state attorneys general or other regulatory agencies, including a change to a federal system of regulation from a state-based system, that:
  • Impose new obligations on us that increase our expenses or change the assumptions underlying our critical accounting estimates
  • Place the insurance industry under greater regulatory scrutiny or result in new statutes, rules, and regulations
  • Restrict our ability to exit or reduce writings of unprofitable coverages or lines of business
  • Increase assessments for guaranty funds, other insurance‑related assessments, or mandatory reinsurance arrangements; or that impair our ability to recover such assessments through future surcharges or other rate changes
  • Increase our provision for federal income taxes due to changes in tax laws, regulations, or interpretations
  • Increase other expenses
  • Limit our ability to set fair, adequate, and reasonable rates
  • Restrict our ability to cancel policies
  • Impose new underwriting standards
  • Place us at a disadvantage in the marketplace
  • Restrict our ability to execute our business model, including the way we compensate agents
• Adverse outcomes from litigation, environmental claims, mass torts or administrative proceedings, including effects of social inflation and third-party litigation funding on the size and frequency of litigation awards
• Events or actions, including unauthorized intentional circumvention of controls, which reduce our future ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
• Effects of changing social, global, economic, and regulatory environments
• Additional measures affecting corporate financial reporting and governance that can affect the market value of our common stock

Risks and uncertainties are further discussed in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Page 30.