What follows are the top 10 lessons you might have learned -- or at least may have been reminded of -- during the May 2006 selloff.
With the expanding number of stocks making fresh 52-week lows, the temptation to buy on valuation alone is omnipresent. Don't give in! You wouldn't short a stock making 52-week highs for that reason alone -- so why buy a stock that's making 52-week lows?
As much as you may like
eBay (EBAY:Nasdaq) ,
Yahoo! (YHOO:Nasdaq) and
Amazon (AMZN:Nasdaq) , they each made 52-week lows the week of May 15. That means, someone (perhaps with greater knowledge than you) was selling them heavily.
Dell (DELL:Nasdaq) and
Microsoft (MSFT:Nasdaq) made fresh lows the week before.
All these once-loved issues are under heavy distribution. When will it end? I sure don't know. If you don't know either, then you are just guessing as to when the big boys are done dumping. Guessing is hardly a recipe for becoming an astute buyer. Remember, valuation is just one element of making a purchase. How much of a drawdown you are willing to tolerate in the name is important also. As Jesse Livermore observed, "It isn't as important to buy as cheaply as possible as it is to buy at the right time." I couldn't agree more.
2) Macro Issues Matter
This month, we saw commodities, the dollar, inflation, interest rates, the
Federal Reserve, oil prices, market volatility, precious metals, geopolitics and liquidity issues all conflate at once. Investors who disregard these do so at their own peril.
Too often, many traders ignore these macro areas, focusing on either fundamentals or technicals. That is overlooking important elements that affect markets. You don't need to become an economics geek, but you should at least be somewhat knowledgeable. The best traders I know are well-rounded and well-informed. They rarely get unpleasant surprises.
You'd be stunned at how people are over-reliant on a single element in their trading. It's no wonder they were blindsided this month.
3) Oversold Markets Can Become More Oversold
Suddenly, everyone has become a technician. Everyone on TV -- including fundamentally oriented mutual fund managers -- are telling us that the markets are oversold. Thanks for nothing.
My answer to these budding technicians is "So what!" Just because a market is "oversold" is not a guarantee it ain't heading even lower. My advice to these TV pundits: Do not use words you cannot adequately define.
For the record, when something is overbought or oversold, all we are observing is that it is at an extreme oscillation measure within its historical range.
Apparently, it is a big secret that overbought markets can keep right on rallying, and oversold markets can head even further south. Even when items are two or three "standard deviations" away from trend, that does not guarantee an immediate reversion to mean.
Think of "oversold" as a statistical analysis based on probabilities.
Recall the standard bell curve. As markets move toward the outer ends, they become overbought or sold. But there is always more room in each direction, however rare those situations may be.
Unusual market events are by definition
outside the mean, i.e., more severe than normal distribution patterns. Hence, they can always get more overbought or sold.
4) Support & Resistance Don't Always Hold
A surprising number of technicians seem to have forgotten this basic element of TA. Support lines -- and trend lines for that matter -- are ephemeral. They are not etched in steel-reinforced concrete, but rather are wisps of sentiment.
When the psychology shifts, formerly solid support can disappear quickly. This is important to understand if you are going to play in the dangerous surf, i.e., catch the falling knife during selloffs.
I think of "support" as the place on a chart where buyers have, in the past, reliably made purchases. A shift in sentiment can often be enough to keep buyers' wallets in their pockets. During the recent down leg, support lines vanished time and again. During the 2000 crash, the market sliced through support like a
knife through hot butter.
Remember, support and resistance lines were
made to be broken. If they weren't, trends would last forever, and ranges would be permanent. Trends don't, and ranges aren't. Remember that.
5) Investors Have Short Memories
The favorite quote of
Street Insight's Doug Kass comes from Benjamin D'Israeli:
"What we have learned from history is that we haven't learned from history." Has any statement been more true than that lately?
People have been bugging out over -- what? A 5% pullback? The
S&P 500 has barely given up half of a 10% correction.
Apparently, investors haven't learned their market history. Those 10% corrections during the last secular bull market were more common than many people realize.
In every year from 1996 to 2000, the S&P 500 suffered a 10% selloff. (Don't take my word for it, go check out a long-term chart.) That's five consecutive years with at least one 10% whack (1999 actually had two of 'em).
We haven't had a 10% correction on the Dow Jones Industrial Average or S&P 500 since the first quarter of 2003; in other words, we're long overdue.
And consider this, during the last secular bear market -- the 16-year period between 1966-1982 -- there were five selloffs ranging between 24% and 45%. These big "unusual" moves are far more ordinary than most people realize. What is perceived as a 100-year flood is actually a relatively common occurrence. In the grand scheme of things, this has been a very minor selloff -- at least so far.
6) A Major Shift Is a Subtle Process
For the past two years, investors have managed to ignore a lot of negatives: rising prices, removal of Fed accommodation, increasing energy costs, geopolitical turmoil. These have made up the so-called "Wall of Worry."
At a certain point, however, mere hand-wringing from the permabear crowd shifts into issues that should be of genuine concern to markets. That process is a subtle one -- and it should not be ignored.
John Maynard Keynes compared the stock markets to "a newspaper beauty contest in which the prize goes to the reader whose choice most resembles the average pick." The goal isn't to pick who you believe is the prettiest, but rather, who you believe
everyone else will pick as the prettiest.
When it comes to sentiment, your own beliefs matter little. It's the crowd's psychology that is all important. I hear too many of us lament that the crowd is wrong. Pay attention to the shift from the "Wall of Worry" to the "What? Me Worry?" That's where the subtle transition from complacency to risk-aversion takes place -- and leads to broader selloffs in the future.
7) Stop Losses Are Lifesavers
Suffice it to say that if you are going to bottom-fish in dangerous waters, you need protection. I made numerous buy attempts in the past two weeks and got stopped out of them all -- considerably higher than where we are today. It didn't even sting. Without the stops, I would be extremely unhappy -- and considerably poorer.
(I've addressed this issue extensively before here and here.)
8) Money Management Is Crucial
One of the things we don't discuss often enough is
position sizing: How large should any given trade be relative to your overall portfolio? The answer depends on what you are doing at that moment.
If you are building a position in a favorite stock over time -- say 5%-7% of your portfolio -- it makes sense to slowly add size. Use volatility to buy on short downswings. Scale in slowly.
If you are trying to catch a market reversal, you are trying to spot a single point in time. In this instance, you will be trading much smaller. These positions are 0.5% to 1%.
Combined with the stop losses, these two items can dramatically reduce your hurt when you are wrong. I got stopped out of nearly every trade I tried during this correction, and it's affected my year-to-date performance a few basis points. If you use 0.5% stops on 1% positions, you can't do too much damage.
9) When Your Timing Is Off, Step Away
As nos. 8 and 9 show, my feel was off during this downdraft. I was impatient to boot. There's no reason to keep trying when you're throwing hanging curve balls that they keep hitting into the bleachers. Call for the left-hander, and wait until you get your best stuff back.
10) Smart People Do Dumb Things
I read and heard a variety of actions taken by people who I admire, believe are brilliant, and would trust with my own capital. Quite a lot of them screwed the pooch.
Hey, it happens. No one is perfect; people make mistakes -- sometimes really dumb ones.
I always try to learn from my own errors, which invariably come with a big fat tuition bill attached. If I get to learn from someone else's screw-up, it is like free graduate school. Suck up what you can, and avoid repeating someone else's error.
But it's a lesson that bears repeating: You are ultimately responsible for your capital, and blindly following gurus can be dangerous.
P.S.: I am guilty of quite a few of these foibles. I'll bet many of you can check off even more. But just because May 2006 has been a painful month, that is no reason to avoid taking something positive out of it.
Investing survival is a long-term process, and if you can learn something from a 5% pullback, you will live to trade another day.
Barry Ritholtz is the chief market strategist for Ritholtz Research, an independent institutional research firm, specializing in the analysis of macroeconomic trends and the capital markets. The firm's variant perspectives are applied to the fixed income, equity and commodity markets, both domestically and internationally. Other areas of research coverage also include consumer, real estate, geopolitics, technology and digital media. Ritholtz is also president of Ritholtz Capital Partners (RCP), a New York based hedge fund. RCP is driven by the analysis performed by Ritholtz Research. Ritholtz appreciates your feedback; click here to send him an email.