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PetroSA joins EnerGulf in West Africa
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PetroSA has officially entered into the Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) for Block 1711 offshore Namibia. The other participants, including EnerGulf, had previously entered into the JOA.
Block 1711 is situated in the Namibe basin off the northern coast of Namibia along the international boundary with Angola. The two separate exploration prospects, the Kunene and Hartmann, have been identified by extensive modern seismic data on the 893,100-hectare (2.2million-acre) block. Moscow-based Sintezneftegaz is the operator with a 70% working interest (and carrying NAMCOR and BEE’s 10% interest). EnerGulf and PetroSA each have a 10% working interest.
The exploration work program calls for a four-year licence term with two, two-year renewal periods. There is a two-exploration-well commitment with the first exploration well to be drilled by the end of year two, being March 2008. EnerGulf's commitment for 10% of the costs over the first four years is $8.4-million (U.S.) with an additional $3.7-million (U.S.) commitment over both renewal periods combined.
The Kunene prospect is defined by a 650-square-kilometre 3-D seismic survey. The structure forms a four-way dip closure covering 82 square kilometres, with vertical closure of over 400 metres. A test well at Kunene would be expected to be drilled to a total depth of approximately 3,625 metres in approximately 900 metres of water, at a cost of approximately $21.2-million (U.S.) including testing and completion or abandonment costs.
The Hartmann prospect has been delineated by 1,085 km of 2-D seismic. It is identified as a stratigraphic trap with an area of 377 square kilometres and approximately 1,600 metres of vertical relief. A Hartmann test well is anticipated to be drilled to a total depth of approximately 3,500 metres.
The Kunene and Hartmann prospects' reservoirs are thought to be reef or carbonate bank buildup. Analogue reef-type oil and gas fields around the world include the Malampaya field (offshore Philippines), the Tengiz field (onshore Kazakhstan) and the fields of the Golden Lane trend (onshore and offshore Mexico).
As announced on September 8, 2006, EnerGulf Resources Inc. has received a Netherland, Sewell & Associates Inc. (NSAI) prospective resource assessment of the Kunene and Hartmann prospects. The report is in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 51-101 and other Canadian, United States and international standards. NSAI was engaged by EnerGulf to prepare the report in part as the due diligence basis requested by financing sources.
Further to the company’s news release of September 8, 2006, the NSAI report states that the Kunene and Hartmann prospects combined could contain over six billion barrels of oil.
Commenting for EnerGulf, Jeff Greenblum, Chairman of the Board stated, “With all participants fully signed on to Block 1711, we expect that work on the project will rapidly move forward, leading to the drilling of our first exploration well in Namibia. As we have continued with our review of the NSAI report and held discussions with financing sources and other outside parties concerning Block 1711, our opinion of this project as a world class opportunity continues to be further enhanced. Our capital structure compliments the high-impact potential of this project and we are excited to move forward with our other Block 1711 Exploration License participants.”
"The Kunene and Hartmann prospects' reservoirs are thought to be reef or carbonate bank buildup. Analogue reef-type oil and gas fields around the world include the Malampaya field (offshore Philippines), the Tengiz field (onshore Kazakhstan) and the fields of the Golden Lane trend (onshore and offshore Mexico)."
Malampaya, South China Sea, Philippines
The Malampaya field is located 80km off the coast of Palawan Island, in the Republic of the Philippines. In August 1998, Shell Philippines Exploration BV awarded Brown & Root a US$432 million design, procurement, fabrication, installation and commissioning contract.
The platform consists of a deck, supported by a concrete gravity sub-structure (CGS). The processed gas will be compressed and exported through a 504km pipeline to the Batangas onshore facility at Luzon Island, in the Philippines.
The condensate will be stabilised on the topsides, stored in the CGS and then exported to a shuttle tanker, through a catenary anchored leg mooring (CALM) system, located 3km from the platform. The design capacity of the integrated CGS and deck is 508 million ft³ gas and 32,800bbl of stabilised condensate per day.
The platform is located in water 43m deep and the deepwater subsea wells are at a depth of 850m.
TOPSIDES
The topsides were subcontracted to Sembawang Marine & Offshore Engineering (SMOE). This contract involved the fabrication, onshore commissioning and load-out of a three-level integrated deck, together with a living quarters module that can accommodate up to 44 people.
The topsides measure 40x90m in plan and reach 25m, from the base of the cellar deck to the helideck. The lower (cellar) deck, contains the major pumps, heavy wall vessels and workshops.
The middle deck (or production deck) contains the separation equipment and the electrical-control module. The equipment on the top deck (or weather deck) includes two export gas compressors, three power-generation gas turbines and a crane.
The initial operating weight of the topside is 13,000t. This equates to a loadout weight - excluding the transportation frame - of 10,000t and, as such, this will be the heaviest topside ever constructed by SMOE.
Fabrication of the deck commenced at Sembawang's yard, located in the north of Singapore, in June 1999 and is scheduled for completion and onshore testing by February 2001.
CGS
The topsides will sit on a concrete gravity sub-structure (CGS) - the first to be constructed in the Philippines. Brown and Root subcontracted the work to the Malampaya CGS Alliance, which consists of John Holland, Arup Energy and Van Oord ACZ, for the engineering, procurement, construction and installation of the structure.
The CGS consists of a rectangular-based caisson, measuring 112mx70m on plan and which is 16m high. It has four shafts extending 15m above water level, to provide support to a deck, with an operational weight of 13,000t. In addition to providing deck support, the CGS is used for temporary storage of up to 385,000bbl of condensate, produced from the subsea wells located 30km away.
The CGS subcontract will be the single biggest value subcontract placed by BRES, under its Malampaya platform contract. The CGS will be constructed in a purpose-built dry-dock, located in Subic Bay. In total, the CGS will contain some 66,000t of concrete, 7,100t of reinforcing steel and 600t of pre-stressing steel strands.
This CGS will be placed on a pre-prepared foundation to accommodate the unevenness of the seabed. This will involve placing 17,000t of rock, in 361 mounds, on the seabed. To allow access to the open sea, a channel 150m wide and 12m deep has been dredged.
After installation, 3,000t of rock was placed around the corners of the CGS for scour protection and 75,000t of iron ore was placed in the open cells.
In December 2001, an extended well test of the thin oil rim beneath the field initially yielded about 8,000 barrels of oil per day (bpd). The well test was performed by the Atwood Falcon drilling rig and Stena Natalita floating storage unit. It is also believed to be the deepest horizontal subsea well test undertaken in the world at a depth of about 850m.
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SPECIFICATIONS
The Malampaya field development diagram.
Schematic of the Malmpaya complex.
The mating of the integrated topside facilities and the gravity base structure of the Malampaya platform.
To ensure an even surface, 361 mounds of rock were placed, totalling 17,000t.
A channel 150m wide and 12m deep was dredged from Green Beach to Subic Bay.
The concrete gravity structure is permanently ballasted by placing 75,000t of iron ore in its open cells.
Rock dumping enables scour protection of the gravity structure.
Kazakhstan Fact Sheet
What We Do
Exploration and Production
Marketing and Retail
Community
Health, Environment and Safety
The Economy
Contacts
Chevron is Kazakhstan's largest private oil producer, with a 50 percent interest in Tengizchevroil (TCO) and a 20 percent stake in the Karachaganak Field.
The company is a partner in TCO's Tengiz Field, the world's deepest operating super-giant oil field, with the top of the reservoir at about 12,000 feet deep (3,657 m).
In December 2006, the Tengiz Field produced its billionth barrel of oil.
Chevron is the largest private shareholder in the 935-mile (1,505 km) Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC).
Through the Egilik program, Chevron has provided more than $59 million in support for community health, education and social infrastructure programs within the Atyrau Oblast since 1999.
From 1993 through 1997, the company sponsored the $50 million Atyrau Bonus Plan. This program, organized by TCO, supported a range of social infrastructure projects for the well-being of the Atyrau community.
Chevron also sponsors small-business, education, environmental, health care and cultural programs.
Chevron- and Texaco-branded lubricants are marketed throughout Kazakhstan.
In April 2003, Chevron opened a $20-million polyethylene pipe plant in Atyrau, the first such facility in Kazakhstan.
In 1993, Chevron became the first major Western oil company to operate in Kazakhstan.
What We Do
As Kazakhstan's largest private oil producer, Chevron holds important stakes in the nation's two biggest producing oil projects–Tengiz and Karachaganak. Both fields were discovered in 1979.
Chevron became the first major Western oil firm to gain a presence in Kazakhstan with the formation of the TCO partnership in 1993. TCO also is developing the nearby Korolev Field. Chevron holds a 50 percent interest in TCO.
TCO is undergoing a significant expansion composed of two integrated projects referred to as the Second Generation Plant (SGP) and Sour Gas Injection (SGI). At a total combined cost of approximately $6 billion, these projects are designed to increase TCO's crude oil production capacity from 300,000 barrels per day to between 460,000 and 550,000 barrels per day in 2008.
In 2001, Chevron–in conjunction with 10 companies and government partners – opened the 935-mile (1,505 km) CPC pipeline from Tengiz to the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. A separate 24-inch, 400-mile (644 km) pipeline that links Karachaganak field to the CPC system at Atyrau began operations in 2003.
In 1997, Chevron legacy company Texaco acquired a 20 percent stake in Karachaganak, Kazakhstan's second-largest developed petroleum reserve.
Another Chevron initiative is the $20 million polyethylene pipe plant, opened in 2003 in Atyrau. The plant is the first such facility in Kazakhstan.
Chevron has been a strong supporter of programs that enhance the nation's human skills and social infrastructure. The company's efforts were recognized when it received the Best Social Partner 2005 award bestowed by the city administration of Almaty. Chevron was the only foreign company honored at the awards ceremony.
Exploration and Production
TCO's total production in 2006 averaged 291,000 barrels of crude oil per day (124,000 net). In 2008, TCO's output is expected to reach between 460,000 and 550,000 barrels per day.
This dramatic increase will be driven by two integrated projects: SGI and an SGP. At a total cost of about $6 billion, these projects are designed to virtually double TCO's total crude oil production. In addition, total natural gas production capacity is expected to increase from the current 470 million cubic feet per day to between 645 million and 745 million cubic feet per day. Natural gas liquids production capacity is expected to increase from the current 26,000 barrels per day to between 39,000 and 46,000 barrels per day. About one-third of the total natural gas produced from the expansion is expected to be reinjected into the reservoir.
In November 2006, TCO achieved an important milestone with the start of gas injection at the SGI project at the Tengiz Field. The initial test involved the injection of "sweet" gas (natural gas with the hydrogen sulfide removed) into the reservoir. The test was successful in establishing injection into the reservoir at rates and pressures in line with expectations. The SGI 1 sweet gas injection stage is designed to run for four to six months and will allow TCO to confirm system performance, to complete the training required for local personnel in the operation of this advanced technology and to provide additional information on the reservoir characteristics. The injection of sour gas is expected to begin during 2007.
The SGP involves the construction of a large processing train for treating crude oil and the associated sour gas. In additional to new processing capacity, the SGP involves drilling, deepening and/or completion of 55 production wells in the Tengiz and Korolev reservoirs to generate the volumes for the new processing train.
Karachaganak, operated by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO), is one of the world's largest hydrocarbon reserves. Chevron has a 20 percent share in the Karachaganak Field. In 2006, total production from Karachaganak averaged 201,000 barrels of liquids per day (38,000 net) and 765 million cubic feet of natural gas per day net of reinjection volumes (143 million net).
During 2006, Chevron and its Karachaganak partners moved forward with developing a project to add liquid stabilization capacity to increase the volume of condensate production processed into stable oil and exported to high-value world markets. The partners also continued to evaluate the next phase of development, the Phase III Expansion, which represents an opportunity to produce larger volumes of natural gas and liquids. This project is contingent upon the government's first securing a new commercial gas off-take agreement.
Marketing and Retail
Chevron has a 15 percent interest in the 935-mile (1,505 km) CPC crude oil export pipeline that runs from the Tengiz Field in Kazakhstan to the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk in Russia. CPC has 11 transportation agreements in place and transported an average of 664,000 barrels of crude oil per day in 2006, including 519,000 barrels per day from the Caspian region and 145,000 barrels per day from Russia. A planned expansion of the CPC pipeline, at an estimated cost of around $2 billion, is under discussion by the pipeline shareholders. This expansion is anticipated to increase capacity to 1.4 million barrels per day later in this decade. During 2006, TCO continued the construction of expanded rail car loading and rail export facilities from Tengiz to Kulsary, which is expected to be completed in 2007.
Chevron- and Texaco-branded lubricants are marketed throughout Kazakhstan.
In April 2003, Chevron opened a $20 million polyethylene pipe plant in Atyrau, the first such facility in Kazakhstan. The plant has state-of-the-art equipment and technology and can produce 15,000 tons per year of high-density polyethylene pipe.
Community
As a partner in TCO and independently, Chevron has been a strong contributor to community programs in Kazakhstan.
In 1999, TCO launched the Egilik (Kazakh for "benefit") program to support a range of community outreach efforts. Since then, TCO has allocated more than $59 million to meet community health, education and social infrastructure needs, including hospitals, university buildings, schools, gasification and power lines, upgrading of sewage systems, water supply, resurfacing of roads, and the beautification of buildings within the Atyrau and Zhylyoi region (home of the Tengiz Field).
The Egilik program supersedes TCO's five-year, $50 million Atyrau Bonus Fund, which sponsored social infrastructure projects such as health clinics, a local bakery, a boiler plant and new homes for flood victims.
TCO's other community initiatives include the funding for the relocation of Sarykamys village, which began in 2004 with the construction of new homes, schools and utilities in Atyrau and New Karaton, in the Zhylyoi Region. By the end of 2006 the relocation was completed, with more than 3,500 residents moving into their new homes.
TCO has also provided financial assistance to local entrepreneurs in such areas as agriculture, catering, and medical and community services. Since 1997, TCO has allocated more than $6.7 million to these small-business development programs.
TCO's educational sponsorships are wide-ranging, including equipping several schools in Atyrau and the Zhylyoi region with computer classes, supporting an applied economics seminar at Atyrau University, and funding school presentations on oil and gas and summer camp presentations on environmental issues.
In 2004, as part of Chevron's effort to promote economic development and entrepreneurship, the company established the first business incubation facility in Atyrau. This innovative project, which supplements other entrepreneurship programs in Atyrau, helps create a favorable environment for small businesses and startups. A joint project was supported by the United Nations Development Program, Chevron, the CitiGroup Corp. and local government. The business incubation initiative facilitates links between small service companies and manufacturing and other large companies.
Since 2004, Chevron has been carrying out a unique pilot vocational training project for children in the city of Almaty. Through this program, in 2006 more than 100 students between the ages of 14 and 17 years old from Almaty orphanage Number 2 and boarding school Number 8 learned professional skills in basic carpentry and furniture making, plumbing and pipe fitting, and construction, including interior completion and basic wiring.
Chevron initiated We Share the Planet Earth, a long-term umbrella program that includes the development and implementation of a nationwide environmental curriculum in the primary and secondary schools, an annual ecology art contest, a nationwide contest of practical scientific projects among high school students, and volunteer environmental actions.
Chevron also supports health care projects and cultural groups.
At Karachaganak, in western Kazakhstan, Chevron and its partners commit $10 million each year to a social fund that supports sustainable development projects in the areas of health, education, and environmental awareness and protection.
Health, Environment and Safety
Chevron is committed to protecting the environment wherever it operates in Kazakhstan. During pipeline construction, for example, CPC spent about $300 million for environmental protection. To minimize its ecological footprint, CPC used advanced fiber-optic sensing and monitoring systems, buried the entire length of the pipeline and drilled horizontally under riverbeds. Now at the operational phase, CPC employs X-ray inspection techniques and is acutely aware of environmental sensitivity in choosing sites of key mooring facilities.
At the end of 2006, the combined TCO employees' and contractors' days- away-from-work rate was 0.031 (incidents per 200,000 hours worked), an achievement that compares favorably with worldwide industry data.
Another safety milestone occurred in the spring of 2006, when the Chevron-operated polyethylene plant in Kazakhstan surpassed 300,000 hours worked without accidents. The plant, located in Atyrau, has had a perfect lifetime safety record since it opened in April 2003.
The Economy
Chevron's direct financial payments to the nation of Kazakhstan include employee salaries, purchases of goods and services from national suppliers, tariffs and fees paid to state-owned companies, and royalties paid to the government.
Overall, TCO's investment is expected to reach $20 billion over a 40-year period. From 1993 to the end of 2006, TCO's direct payments to Kazakhstan entities, including employees, reached $16.7 billion. In 2006 alone, those payments exceeded $4.3 billion. Kazakh citizens make up about 81 percent of the Tengiz workforce (up from 50 percent in 1993) and constitute more than 71 percent of its supervisors, managers and specialists.
At Karachaganak, new commitments in the period 2004-05 included more than 50 percent local resources, or $260 million of direct investment in Kazakh goods and services. This high level of local participation is possible because of the improved ability of local companies to provide goods and services and because of their status as preferred partners with foreign contractors servicing the field.
As Kazakhstan's largest enterprise, TCO supports the republic's efforts to increase the utilization of goods and services provided by Kazakh companies. In the past four years, TCO has spent more than $2 billion on goods and services purchased through Kazakh companies.
Chevron applies the most up-to-date equipment, technology, methods and expertise to its oil and gas business in Kazakhstan. The company applies all of its technologies with the goal of increasing reserves and production, accelerating development, and reducing costs. By adapting advanced downstream processing technologies to upstream applications, Chevron is ensuring that national workers are exposed to the latest developments in oil field operations.
In addition, select national employees receive opportunities to advance their professional training, either within Kazakhstan or within the United States.
Contacts
Chevron Eurasia Business Unit
CDC-1 Center, 8th Floor
240G Furmanov Street
Almaty, Kazakhstan 050059
Telephone: +7.327.298.0662
Fax: +7.327.250.5805
Resumes should be sent to: eurasiajobs@chevron.com
Revitalizing the Offshore Golden Lane: Development and Exploration Opportunities Raul Hernandez de la Fuente, Abelardo Escamilla Hernandez, and Raul Hernandez Martel. PEMEX, Exploracion y Produccion, Activo Integral Poza Rica Altamira, Poza Rica, Mexico, phone: (01782)82 61000 Ext 33553, rhernandezdf@pep.pemex.com The Onshore Golden Lane in eastern Mexico, was discovered in 1908 with the well San Diego de la Mar-1. So far, 24 fields of heavy oil have been developed, accumulating more than 1 BBOE. The well Isla de Lobos-1B proved in 1963 the offshore continuation of the platform margin. There are 8 developed offshore fields of light oil and associated gas, which have accumulated 0.217 BBOE. These carbonate rocks of the El Abra Formation are geologically related to the Cretaceous Tuxpan Platform. Reactivation of drilling activities in this oil province started with the Carpa-101 well drilled in 2002-2003. A horizontal side-track produced 4814 bopd through 3?4 inch choke. At present, the integration of 3D seismic, well logs and core analysis has lead to a better understanding of the Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Tuxpan Platform, the recognition of new plays in the Cretaceous slope deposits similar to the Tamabra trend of the Poza Rica field, Neocomian oolitic grainstones with interparticle porosity and Upper Jurassic oolitic grainstone with late dissolution porosity. The immediate future of the Offshore Golden Lane is in the development of Carpa and other undeveloped structures. With the drilling of new prospects that will evaluate the hypothetical plays additional to the traditionally producing El Abra Formation, we expect to increase the reserves of light oil.
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