Hedge-Fonds-Verluste machen Märkte nervös

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EinsamerSam.:

Hedge-Fonds-Verluste machen Märkte nervös

2
18.05.05 11:02
Aktienkurse von Investmentbanken werden gedrückt

Hedge-Fonds-Verluste machen Märkte nervös

Die schmerzlichen Verluste einiger Hedge-Fonds schüren an den Finanzmärkten Ängste vor einer Kettenreaktion, die andere Finanzinstitute erfassen könnte. Bislang beschränken sich die Verluste auf mehrere Hedge-Fonds, deren Portefeuilles unter der Herabstufung von General Motors und Ford durch die Ratingagentur Standard & Poor’s leiden. Die Anleihekurse der beiden US-Autobauer stürzten ab, als Standard & Poor’s am 5. Mai ihr Krediturteil senkte.

HB NEW YORK. Am Dienstag tauchte ein erstes Signal dafür auf, dass die Krise einiger Hedge-Fonds auch die Banken belasten könnte. So kappte der Analyst Stuart Graham von der Investmentbank Merrill Lynch wegen der „jüngsten Turbulenzen“ bei Kreditderivaten seine Gewinnprognose für die Deutsche Bank. Graham nannte als Grund „Verluste im Eigenhandel“ der Deutschen Bank, die ähnliche Strategien wie ein Hedge-Fonds verfolge. Außerdem erwartet der Analyst weniger Kommissionseinnahmen aus dem Geschäft mit Hedge-Fonds. Deutsche-Bank-Finanzchef Clemens Börsig dementierte allerdings vergangene Woche in New York entsprechende Gerüchte. Am Dienstag lehnte die Bank einen Kommentar ab.

Zu einem ernsten Problem für die Finanzmärkte würden die jüngsten Hedge-Fonds-Verluste erst dann, wenn sie auf andere Finanzinstitute übergreifen. In den vergangenen Tagen fielen die Aktienkurse der Investmentbanken Goldman Sachs und Morgan Stanley deutlich. Sie sind die beiden führenden Wertpapierdienstleister für Hedge-Fonds. Kommentatoren im US-Börsenfernsehen erklären derzeit fast jede Kursbewegung an den Finanzmärkten mit Hedge-Fonds, die angeblich Positionen verkaufen.

Banker bemühen sich jedoch, die Sorgen zu zerstreuen. „Ich halte das, was derzeit passiert, für eine gesunde Korrektur“, sagte der Chef der Schweizer Großbank UBS, Peter Wuffli, in New York. „Wir sind nicht wesentlich betroffen“, fügte Wuffli hinzu, dessen Bank einen der weltgrößten Dach-Hedge-Fonds führt und ähnlich wie Goldman und die Deutsche Bank der Branche als Händler und Kreditgeber dient.

Hedge-Fonds sind Anlagevehikel, die flexibler als herkömmliche Investmentfonds in vielen Anlageklassen spekulieren und auf fallende ebenso wie auf steigende Kurse wetten. Dank ihrer Beliebtheit verwalten Hedge-Fonds nach einigen Schätzungen inzwischen mehr als eine Billion Dollar.

US-Regulierer bewerten Hedge-Fonds zwiespältig. In einer Rede sprach Timothy Geithner, der heutige Chef der New Yorker Notenbank, kürzlich von „einer besseren Streuung von Risiken an den Finanzmärkten“ durch Hedge-Fonds. „Allerdings machen sie das Finanzsystem auch schwer durchschaubar“, fügte Geithner hinzu. Hintergrund der aktuellen Sorgen ist der Beinahe-Bankrott des Hedge-Fonds Long Term Capital Management, der 1998 in einer spektakulären Aktion gerettet werden musste.

Kevin Ferro, Gründerchef des New Yorker Geldhauses Ferro Capital, hält die aktuellen Sorgen für übertrieben, bleibt jedoch vorsichtig: „Ich kenne bis auf eine Ausnahme keinen Hedge-Fonds mit Problemen, aber vielleicht wache ich morgen auf und die Welt sieht anders aus“, sagt Ferro, der eine Anlagesumme von 500 Mill. Dollar in Hedge-Fonds investiert.

Laut Marktgerüchten baut der Londoner Hedge-Fonds GLG seit längerem Positionen bei Wandelanleihen und Kreditderivaten ab. Nach einem Bericht des „Wall Street Journals“ verlor der 3,5 Mrd. Dollar schwere Wandelanleihe-Fonds von GLG im April 5,2 Prozent an Wert. Seit Jahresanfang betrug das Minus 8,6 Prozent. GLG erklärte in einer Stellungnahme: „Unseren Fonds geht es gut.“ Die gesamte Hedge-FondsBranche erlitt im April jedoch nur mäßige Verluste. Der Hedge-Fonds-Index der Investmentbank Credit Suisse First Boston und des Beratungshauses Tremont fiel im April ein Prozent. Seit Jahresbeginn liegt der Verlust bei hauchdünnen 0,11 Prozent. Andere Indexanbieter ermitteln ähnliche Werte.

Die Herabstufung der Autobauer GM und Ford belastete in den vergangenen Tagen auch den Markt für Kreditderivate. Das sind Wertpapiere, deren Preis auf einer Vielzahl von Unternehmenskrediten beruht. Die heftigen Kursausschläge erwischten einige Hedge-Fonds auf dem falschen Fuß. Seitdem versuchen laut Finanzkreisen manche Hedge-Fonds, ihre oft komplexen Handelspositionen glattzustellen. Dies gilt als ein Grund für den starken Preisanstieg bei so genannten Credit Default Swaps (CDS) – einer Art Versicherung gegen Kreditausfälle. Der Preis solcher CDS ist in den vergangenen Tagen auf ein Rekordhoch gestiegen. Der Kauf eines CDS kann einfacher sein als der direkte Verkauf eines Kreditrisikos, weil einige Papiere nicht oft gehandelt werden.

Quelle: HANDELSBLATT, Mittwoch, 18. Mai 2005, 09:30 Uhr

...be invested
  
Der Einsame Samariter

Hedge-Fonds-Verluste machen Märkte nervös 1943300
jungchen:

will ja nichts beschreien

 
18.05.05 11:04
aber diese geschichte mit den angeschlagenen hedge-fonds hat in meinen augen crash-potenzial
Kicky:

Why you'll feel the hedge funds' pain

 
18.05.05 12:28
About seven years ago, the Long-Term Capital Management hedge-fund crisis sprang from a wrongheaded theory by prize-winning economists that tons of money could be made with little risk by betting that the sovereign debt of various European countries’ would converge.

And now we learn that one or more major hedge funds may have suffered substantial losses this month -- and potentially ignited a “contagion” -- as a result of blown-up trades related to U.S. automakers in esoteric risk-avoidance instruments called collateralized debt obligations and credit-default swaps.

The trouble this time is unlikely to be as deeply pervasive as the first two, in which a passion for risk aversion by well-capitalized institutional investors heaped billions of dollars of losses on the public. But because these instruments have never been stressed in a real-time crisis, it’s hard to know exactly how they will act. We may discover that they could ultimately batter the public just as soundly. ... The hedge funds at the root of the problem may actually have been working on your behalf -- and at any rate were tripped up by pretty conservative trades that went terribly wrong. The trouble that they encountered was the investment equivalent of getting hit by a truck while crossing the street at a well-marked intersection. Maybe you didn’t look both ways, but the fact that you got crushed is more bad luck than bad karma.
The problem has been that the Federal Reserve’s expansive money policy of the past few years created a financial regime in which bond yields were extremely low -- and yet stock returns haven’t been too hot, either.

Bundling up bonds

So what’s a pension manager to do? Well, in pursuit of returns of 8%-10% in a negative or flat market, many sought out bond hedge funds that promised to use new mathematical modeling techniques to seemingly manufacture money out of thin air.

When you hear the word “bond,” you probably think of a U.S. government or corporate debt instrument that pays holders an annual interest payment whose size is related to risk and duration. Short-term U.S. Treasury bills backed by the government’s taxing power pay the smallest amount of interest, while the long-dated obligations of iffy companies with poor credit -- known as “junk” bonds -- pay the most.

But between those two extremes are a wide range of debt products. To make it simpler to buy and sell them, investment banks came up with the idea to “securitize,” or bundle up, a lot of different types of bonds into instruments called “collateralized debt obligations,” or CDOs. These are in turn sliced up by banks into smaller pieces, generally categorized by risk, that are known by the French word “tranches.

Something like 90% of all corporate bonds are securitized and resold in this way -- spreading out the risk in a way that helps issuers get financed and grow.
Now enter the hedge funds seeking to provide dependable returns to pension managers. A new breed of math geniuses entered the scene not too long ago with financial models that they believe help them understand when certain tranches are undervalued relative to other tranches. The big idea is that if you can figure out which ones are overpriced and likely to lose value, and which ones are underpriced and likely to gain in value, you can short one and buy the other and make a few bucks as their prices converge.

One of the big trades that hedge fund managers working on behalf of your pension put on in recent years has been to buy the “mezzanine,” or medium-risk bond tranche of CDOs and short the equivalent amount of money in the equity tranche or equity of the company. The amount of money involved in these trades is quite enormous; because the trading environment was so tame up until quite recently, the equity tranches were leveraged by as much as 17-to-1, according to Peter Petas, research director at the corporate capital-structure research firm CreditSights in New York.

Automakers are among the biggest sellers of bonds in the United States, so they are overrepresented in even the most diverse CDOs. And now we get to the heart of the matter.

Enter Kirk Kerkorian
What happened last week that imperiled a number of hedge funds’ carefully constructed credit-spread compression strategies was the very unusual span of two days in which Los Angeles financier Kirk Kerkorian first announced a significant bid for General Motors stock at a premium, and then debt-rating agency Standard & Poor’s downgraded GM bonds to junk status. As you might recall, GM shares went straight up and then its bonds went straight down -- blowing up a trade that was leveraged to the hilt. In the space of a few hours, an unknown amount of highly leveraged hedge-fund money that probably totaled well into billions of dollars went poof!

No hedge fund has admitted yet that it was on the wrong side of this trade, but it will eventually come out. And the reason that it can have a "contagion" effect is that the funds at risk will undoubtedly face a large number of redemption requests from their members -- and failure of a fund could have a combustible impact on its counterparties and prime brokers, which are big investment banks.
Fallout -- and bankruptcy?
Funds are required by contract to provide "liquidity" -- that is, cash -- to members either at the end of a month or a quarter. So many in the investment community are holding their breath now waiting to see how many funds need to liquidate stock and bond portfolios in order to meet a flood of redemptions.

One serious issue is that CDOs may be widely sold, but they are not terribly liquid. There is no easy market for these things, and they can typically only be sold back to the organization from which they were purchased. Plus, since they are just sitting on the funds' books for long periods of time, they are usually not marked to market, or priced, until the time of sale. And that is why no one really knows how much money is at stake.

"We have seen that these sorts of trades only work until they stop working," said Peter Petas, of the capital structure research firm CreditSights. "It is not the most tested market, but guys are taking these trades anyway to get yield in a low-volatility environment."

If we see big up days in the market followed by big down days, you can be sure that funds are using every uptick to unload inventory to meet their obligation and avoid bankruptcy. At times like this, the Federal Reserve and other central banks have learned to flood the system with money to avoid big disruptions. So from now until the end of the month, or quarter, there may be an interesting battle between the private forces of fear and the public forces of balance. Stay tuned: it could be your money.

Jon D. Markman is publisher of StockTactics Advisor, an independent weekly investment newsletter,  
Verdampfer:

LOL Letztes Jahr war´s noch der Ölpreis. :)

 
18.05.05 13:10
Dieses Jahr wird uns der Sommer mit dem Hedge-Angst versaut ?
Jedes Jahr das selbe.

Nee,nee,nee.  :)

Mit Gruß vom Dampfer Hedge-Fonds-Verluste machen Märkte nervös 1943575

 

 
Jing:

Cash lacht,

 
18.05.05 15:43
ist beruhigend und laesst auf billigen Einkauf hoffen.
Ich glaube die letzte Korrektur war noch nicht alles.
Einzelne Werte ausgenommen.

Gruss Jing
Kicky:

Hedge funds rush to sell assets

 
19.05.05 00:23
The cost of buying protection in European and US financial markets against corporate bond defaults has risen sharply in recent days, as hedge funds and other investors seek to offload assets after suffering losses. This has moved the price of some credit instruments in unusual ways and caused liquidity in some corners of the financial markets to evaporate, according to bankers. While the overall scale of hedge fund selling and their losses is unclear, many observers suspect it will continue to distort the market for some time. Some fear the jitters could worsen, particularly if hedge funds'' losses prompt investors to withdraw money at the end of the next financial quarter in June. Much of the forced selling was triggered by the downgrades of General Motors and Ford to “junk” status by Standard & Poor's. The move had been anticipated, but its timing wrong-footed many investors who had taken positions in GM or Ford bonds or equities, or had made bets about broader trends in corporate credit. One previously popular trade that has led to losses is the so-called “correlation” trade, which involves trading pieces of collateralised debt obligations complex bundles of debt instruments. Alan Capper, a credit strategist at Lehman Brothers, said: “There are a lot of people in the hedge funds and dealer community covering positions, which is pushing spreads wider.” (IndiaDaily)18.5.2005
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