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Hier ein Analyse zur US-Wirtschaft von Marketwatch (Bubblevision ist gemeinhin über den Verdacht erhaben, Dinge schlecht zu reden...) Rex Nutting bestätigt darin die hier im Thread kursierenden Thesen. Interessant ist, dass inzwischen 72 % der US-Wirtschaft vom Konsumenten abhängt. Da die Konsumenten wieder sparen, werden die US-Firmen ohne sie auch ihre Umsätze (die in den letzten Quartalberichten oft um 15 bis 20 % schrumpften...) nicht steigern können. Die Gewinnrettung durch Entlassungen ist kein Allheilmittel, sondern lediglich eine eigennützige kosmetische Zwischenlösung.
Ohne organisch wachsende Firmen (Schrumpfkuren zur Kostensenkung sind kein reales Wachstum) gibt es aber auch kein nachhaltig wachsendes BIP, das eine Trendwende bei der Arbeitslosigkeit bringe könnte. Im Text unten genannte Experten rechnen daher auch damit, dass die AL-Quote erst in fünf bis sechs Jahre wieder auf den 2007-Wert von 5 % fällt. Das "Deleveraging" (Entschuldung) der US-Konsumenten könnte sich sogar bis 2018 hinziehen. Das sind Erholungszeiträume, wie man sie aus der Großen Depression kennt - was gegen die aktuell vom Aktienmarkt "gespielte" V-förmige Erholung spricht.
Das US-BIP im 2. Quartal droht bei den in der nächsten Woche veröffentlichen Zahlen erneut geschrumpft zu sein - zum vierten Mal in Folge. Auch das gab es zuletzt in der Großen Depression. Im kommenden dritten Quartal (Juli - Sept.) könnte ein kleiner "unorganischer" Schub aus den Hilfspaketen wieder für ein positives BIP sorgen (das "feiert " die Börse gerade). Wegen der begrenzten staatlichen Fördermittel dürfte sich aber der Gesamttrend dadurch nicht umkehren. Die "Gurus" an der Wall Street hoffen insgeheim, dass durch die Förderpakete Zeit gewonnen wird, in der sich auf magische Weise eine "Erholung von innen heraus" (Selbstheilung) einstellt. Mir ist allerdings kein Mittel (außer Hyperinflation) bekannt, bei dem Überschuldung (an allen Fronten, inkl. Staat) durch Abwarten geringer wird...
All dies spricht dafür, dass die aktuellen Rallye - so fulminant sie auch ausfällt - lediglich eine Bärenmarkt-Rallye ist.
Capitol Report
Jul 24, 2009, 12:42 p.m. EST
Consumers unable to lead economy forward
GDP may grow in third quarter, but it won't be sustainable growth
By Rex Nutting, MarketWatch
AMMAN, Jordan (MarketWatch) - The U.S. economy is poised to grow for the first time in more than a year during the current quarter, but it will still feel like a recession because unemployment and debt levels remain too high to support a sustainable recovery.
When the first estimates for the just-concluded second quarter are released next week, they'll probably show that gross domestic product growth was negative for the fourth quarter in a row, the first time that's happened since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
But in the third quarter (which began July 1), the GDP will probably turn positive. Some will take that news as a sign that the recession is over, that fiscal stimulus should be abandoned, that money growth should be reined in, and that the Federal Reserve should begin raising its interest rate target back to a normal level.
However, a wide range of economists - from Nouriel Roubini to Ben Bernanke - say the economy will remain weak for a year or longer.
"Job insecurity, together with declines in home values and tight credit, is likely to limit gains in consumer spending," Fed Chairman Bernanke told Congress earlier this week "The possibility that the recent stabilization in household spending will prove transient is an important downside risk to the outlook."
"The over-indebted U.S. consumer -- whose deleveraging process yet has to start -- will likely continue to put the brakes on consumption, while the savings rate continues to creep up," said Roubini, head of RGE Monitor and one of the few economists credited with seeing this recession coming.
To understand how GDP could be up with the economy still down, it helps to know how GDP is calculated. GDP is a measure of output, not outcomes. In the short run, the economy can produce more stuff without creating more jobs, and without boosting wages, profits or living standards.
GDP is calculated as the sum of all goods and services produced in the United States. It counts the production of goods and services sold to consumers, businesses, government agencies, and foreign buyers (while subtracting imported stuff that we consume). It counts investments in homes, businesses, and government projects. And finally, it counts the things that were made, but not sold - in other words, inventories.
Inventories fell by a record amount in the first and second quarters. At some point, probably in this quarter, businesses will decide they've reduced their overstocks enough to match the lower level of sales.
A similar process has been occurring in the home building sector for nearly four years. The decline in building has slowed and has perhaps bottomed. Home building could actually add to GDP in the third quarter for the first time since 2005.
The trade balance is also likely to add to growth in the third quarter. Imports continue to fall while exports could be ready to rise again as the global recession winds down.
If inventories, exports and home building each add a bit to growth, and business investments drop only modestly after their record plunge in the first quarter, the economy could reach a positive GDP number without any contribution from the consumer sector at all.
To get sustainable growth, however, you need sales to increase, and there is no sign that final demand from consumers or businesses is improving. Retail sales, auto sales, home sales and capital good orders are no longer falling as they were late last year, but they aren't rising either.
"Most elements of demand are essentially flat-lining, and the engine of growth for the recovery is not yet clear," said Andrew Tilton, an economist for Goldman Sachs.
In a normal business cycle, this would be the time for consumers to drag the economy out of the ditch. Buoyed by lower interest rates and improved confidence in their jobs, in past recessions consumers have purchased homes, cars and other durable goods, restoring jobs lost in the downturn and persuading businesses to invest again.
But this time it's different, because consumers don't have the ability to increase their spending. They don't have the income, or the credit. They may not have the desire.
Consumer debt has risen to a record 128% of disposable income, twice the debt level they carried 25 years ago. Their wealth has been shredded, and wages are falling. Credit is hard to obtain, yes, but many consumers are actively trying to reduce their debts, not add to them.
Consumers are in no position to drive the economy forward and, until they are, businesses won't expand. Already, industrial capacity utilization has fallen to a record-low rate, indicating that companies have plenty of idle capacity to deploy before they need to build more.
The American economy has become more and more dependent on consumer spending over the years. In the 1960s, consumer spending accounted for about 63% of GDP. In the 1990s, it rose to 67%. But now it's at a record 72%, thanks to the massive debt load consumers are carrying.
To achieve sustainable growth, either the consumer must spend more, or the economy must restructure to become less reliant on the consumer.
Unfortunately, either option will take time. Researchers at the San Francisco Fed found that it could take until 2018 for consumers to deleverage enough to be satisfied. If consumers raise their savings rate from near zero during the bubble to 10% by 2018, it would cut three-quarters of a percentage point off the typical 3.5% growth in consumer spending, according to researchers Reuven Glick and Kevin Lansing.
It might take years for the labor market to fully recover as well: Most members of the Federal Open Market Committee said they expected it "to take five or six years" to bring the unemployment rate down to its long-run potential of around 5%.
Job losses have slowed, but they haven't stopped. The unemployment rate is expected to peak near 11%, according to Roubini. With a current jobless rate of 9.5%, there are now nearly six unemployed people for every job opening. For the first time since the Depression, most of those who are unemployed have lost their jobs permanently.
With so much competition for jobs, wages are dropping. The total wage bill for private industry has fallen at a nearly 5% annual rate over the past six months, the largest decline in the 50 years those data have been kept. (= Deflation, A.L.)
The only thing adding to income growth right now is government transfers, either from automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance or from the tax cuts in the stimulus package. Income from private sources declined in all 50 states during the first quarter.
The stimulus has now ramped up. While more money will be coming from Washington each month, the level won't increase. Economist Dean Baker of the Center for Economic and Policy Research figures we need $1 trillion in extra stimulus per year to drive the employment back to 5%, but we're getting only about a third of that.
The worst of the economic crisis is now behind us, but that doesn't mean the economy is all fixed.
Marketwatch
Drei Charts - eine Message: Es bleibt unterm Strich weniger Geld für den Konsum übrig
Im folgenden Auszug einer Street.com-Diskussion (CC) geht es um die Frage, wieso Aktien in den letzten zwei Wochen wie besenkt gestiegen sind, obwohl es fundamental dazu wenig Anlass gab (sie nahmen ja kurz zuvor gerade "Anlauf zum Abtauchen" nach der SKS). Tim Melvin schreibt, dass er derart krasse Divergenzen zwischen Kursen und Fundamentals seit 1984, als er professionell in den Aktienmarkt einstieg, noch nicht gesehen hat (unten, rot). Er vermutet, dass die großen Banken, bei denen Aktien verwahrt werden (custodial banks), weniger Aktien für Short-Selling ausleihen, wodurch eine "Nur-Long"-Verzerrung im Markt auftritt, die wiederum Eigendynamik entwickelt.
Diese These bestätigt H. Simons in seiner Antwort (oben, blau). Er ergänzt, dass die Verwahrerbanken bei den wiederholten Short-Selling-Verboten der US-Regierung/SEC/Fed (im letzten Kalenderjahr) mehrfach Probleme bekommen hatten, die verliehenen Bestände zügig wieder reinzubekommen. Außerdem ist durch die Nullzinspolitik der Fed ein Anreiz für das Verleihen verloren gegangen. Früher brachte das Geld, das sie für die verliehenen Aktien erhielten, Zinseinnahmen. Heute in der Nullzins-Ära gibt es für das Geld keine Zinsen mehr. (Daraus folgt mMn im Umkehrschluss, das Zinserhöhungen der Fed dem Aktienmarkt einen gehörigen Dämpfer versetzen dürften. Aufkommende Inflation wäre demnach doppelt schädlich für Aktien. Sie bekämen Konkurrenz durch risikolose Zinserträge und das Short-Selling nähme wieder zu.)
Wenn das Short-Selling durch die Verwahrerbanken (künstlich) eingeschränkt wird, resultiert logischerweise ein "Long-Bias" im Aktienmarkt, der sich durch Short-Covering und Long-Trittbrettfahrer (ETF-Trader) noch verstärkt. Natürlich sind auch die großen Zockerbanken mit ihren Staats-Milliarden long dabei, um beim Shorts-Sueeze mit abzusahnen (irgendwo müssen die 3,4 Milliarden, die GS letztes Quartal im Eigenhandel verdiente, ja herkommen.)
Daraus könnte der "Melt-up" der letzten zwei Wochen resultieren. Rev Shark betrachtet ihn als mögliches "Blow-Off-Top", dem demnächst ein Korrektur nach unten folgt. Dafür spricht auch der extrem überkaufte Arms-Index (mein Posting von Dick Arms gestern). So überkauft war der Nasdaq seit vielen Jahren nicht mehr.
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