Die 2011-Prognose im ersten Artikel unten, erschienen um die Jahreswende, ist interessant genug, um sie auch jetzt noch zu posten - zumal sich einige der Vorhersagen bereits bewahrheitet haben.
Es handelt sich gemäß Autor Roger Arnold von street.com/Real Money um eine "realistische" Langzeit-Prognose. Arnold ist, wie Rosenberg, ein Deflations-Bär und bedient sich ausgiebiger Fundi-Analyse - ergänzt um ein Model namens Coppock Curve, das in der Vergangenheit eine recht gute Trefferquote aufwies. Gestern veröffentlichte Arnold einen zweiten Artikel, in dem er Coppick-Methodik detailierter vorstellte. Den zweiten Artikel poste ich am Ende.
Die Coppock Curve basiert auf Investoren-Stimmung und versucht, die langfristige Markttendenz zu erfassen. Sie erreichte in der Vergangenheit Werte zwischen +200 (sehr bullisch) und -200 (sehr bärisch). Hinzu kamen drei bärische Extreme von -400 in den Jahren 1932, 1938 und 2009.
In Anbetracht der sich aktuell verbessernden Makro-Lage und anziehenden Konsumentenvertrauens in USA (das freilich von extrem tiefen Werten her erst langsam hoch kommt) sollte man meinen, das tendenziell prozyklische Coppock Model würde jetzt einen neuen Bullenmarkt signalisieren. Das würde sich dann mit der aktuell fast ausnahmslos bullischen Konsensmeinung decken.
Tatsächlich jedoch ist die Coppock Curve weltweit "auf dem absteigenden Ast" und hat in einigen Ländern gerade die Null-Linie nach unten gekreuzt, was langfristig bärische Stimmung signalisiert. Dies spricht gegen einen "neuen Bullenmarkt", wie ihn Bubblevision und Co., Wall Street sowie Bernanke unermüdlich verheißen.
Arnold ist auch langfristig bärisch bzgl. Gold und sagt einen Preisrückgang auf 500 Dollar voraus, was ab dem Top bei 1400 Dollar einem drastischen Absturz um 65 % entspräche. 2011 soll Gold zunächst in die Preiszone zwischen 800 und 1000 Dollar fallen.
Mir selber ist aufgefallen, dass im Zuge der Finanzkrise ab Herbst 2008 der Goldpreis oft "Punkt für Punkt" mit dem SP-500-Stand korrespondierte. Im Sommer 2009 stand der SPX bei 900 bis 1000, Gold notierte ebenfalls knapp unter 1000 Dollar. Im Spätherbst 2010 erreichte Gold seinen bisherigen Rekord bei 1400 Dollar, während der SPX 1200 überwand und sich aktuell auf 1300 vorarbeitet. Gold ist inzwischen wieder auf dem absteigenden Ast und notiert knapp über 1300, so dass aktuell wieder annähernd "Punkte-Parität" herrscht. Sollte Arnold Recht behalten und Gold in 2011 auf 800 bis 1000 Dollar fallen, würde - bei weiterem Gleichlauf - auch der SP-500 wieder in den Bereich zwischen 800 und 1000 zurückfallen. Fundamental handelt es sich bei dieser Parallelität mMn um ein synchrones Aufblasen unterschiedlicher Assetklassen (Gold und Aktien). Da der Bläheffekt auf alle Assetklassen gleich wirkt, ergibt sich eben auch (womöglich zufällig) der von mir beobachtete Punkte-Gleichlauf.
Market Commentary
A Realist's Outlook for 2011
By Roger Arnold
Street.com Contributor
12/30/2010 7:00 AM EST
It's that time of year. So here's a rundown of what I'm watching for and expecting in 2011.
Housing and the Economy
As for the nascent private-sector global economic recovery, my principal area of concern is the state of housing in the U.S.
The recovery in trade, both domestically and internationally, that has been achieved since the collapse of Lehman Brothers has been driven to a great extent by the expansion of fiscal and monetary stimulus in the U.S., coupled with the permanent expansion in the size of the U.S. federal government.
The stimulus measures have not been a sufficient catalyst for igniting private-sector economic activity that would give policy makers the opportunity and obligation to remove the stimulus. The reason for the failure is that the stimulus and the permanent measures have been too timid and ill-focused to reach the housing sector [man könnte auch sagen, eine platzende Hauspreis-Blase lässt sich mit Zentralbank- und Politik-Mitteln kaum reinflationieren - A.L.] and thus achieve their objective of sparking a self-sustaining economic expansion.
That is not to say that I was in favor of the measures taken, such as TARP and QE2. But once the president and Congress decided to use such measures, they should have made it clear that these measures would continue until they succeeded.
Until the recent Treasury rout [Flucht], which drove the shoulder of the Treasury yield curve up by about 100 basis points, causing a corresponding increase in mortgage rates, I was hopeful that housing could rebound in 2011 and provide the confidence necessary for private-sector economic activity to expand.
As it stands now, however, the recent increase in mortgage rates has caused a dramatic and abrupt reversal in the nascent recovery in housing [wurde inzwischen durch die Case-Shiller-Daten, die 1 % Hauspreisverfall allein von Nov. bis Dez. ermittelten, bestätigt] , and thus, in my opinion, a reversal in the prospects for U.S. economic activity in 2011.
As such, 2011 will be marked by another poor housing sector, with valuations, transactions and starts continuing to decline. This will cause the waning of inflationary concerns and renewed deflationary concerns [hörte man gestern auch von der Fed]. Consumption, job growth and unemployment will stagnate. By next spring, the Federal Reserve will either have to announce an increase in the size of QE2 or begin considering another round of quantitative easing to follow.
Coppock Curves
The Coppock curve is a proven, very-long-term indicator signaling secular turns in sentiment from negative to positive with respect to the trajectory for equity valuations. As such, it is best at providing secular buying opportunities for stocks. It is a poor indicator of selling points for equities, as it is a lagging indicator. It is also ineffective when applied to other asset classes for either buy or sell signals.
In a future column (unten angehängt), I will discuss the mechanics and importance of Coppock curves as indicators of confidence and sentiment. For the purposes of this article, I will merely direct your attention to the fact that the Coppock curves for many of the world's stock markets are now simultaneously in decline, slowing or actually negative, indicating a simultaneous, global increase in risk-aversion.
That's not normal. These markets include Australia, India, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Japan, Brazil and the U.S.
The U.S. Dollar and Gold
The U.S. dollar and gold have historically had a cyclical inverse relationship. I expect that to hold true for 2011 as well. And by that I mean that both will reverse their trajectories of 2010, with the dollar rising and gold falling. Gold has, in my opinion, entered a speculative phase and extended its inverse relationship to the dollar well beyond the historical pattern in a very short period of time.
I believe the dollar will rise, driven mostly by a flight to safety by global investors as it becomes clearer that private-sector U.S. economic activity is not rebounding and that concerns about U.S. and global inflation are misplaced. [Ich teile diese Ansicht. Es bleibt bei der Marktabsurdität, dass Investoren bei wirtschaftlicher Schwäche in USA "in den Dollar fliehen" und Risk Assets, zu denen auch das hochspekulierte Gold zählt, fallen lassen - A.L.]
As U.S. inflationary concerns continue to recede and global deflationary concerns again rise, causing the dollar's upward trajectory to accelerate, I expect gold to reverse course dramatically in 2011. (Diese Prognose brachte Arnold VOR dem deutlichen aktuellen Goldpreis-Rückgang, denn dieser Artikel ist von Ende Dez. 2010. Goldfan Wawidu hat das übrigens auf Grund von Charttechnik ebenfalls "gerochen" und vor seinem Urlaub seine Papiergold-Posi in GLD verkauft.)
As such, I believe that gold is close to the highest levels it will be able to achieve for the next few years and that a reversal will take it back to the price point at which the current run began, in the $500 range. That bottom will not likely occur for two to five years, however. For 2011, I believe that gold will likely reverse to between $800 and $1,000 an ounce in U.S. dollar terms.
Treasury Yields and Mortgage Rates
Although U.S. Treasury yields have surged recently, I do not believe this indicates increasing expectations of private-sector U.S. economic activity (sehe ich auch so, wie ich bereits mehrfach gepostet habe). I believe the reversal was started by a "buy on rumor, sell on fact" process that reached its pivot point when QE2 was announced. As the buyers reversed to take profits, the process cascaded into a duration-matching, convexity issue for mortgage portfolio managers, which has exaggerated the increase in yields well beyond fundamentals. (Das deckt sich mit D. Rosenberg, der als "Deflationsbär" ebenfalls langfristig bullisch bzgl. Anleihen ist. Ich sehe im Anstieg der Zinsen aber auch den Aspekt wachsender Risikoscheu, speziell bei den Munis. Man muss beobachten, ob es bei neu aufkommender Krisenstimmung in USA erneut eine Flucht in den Dollar und US-Staatsanleihen gibt, was die Deflations-These von Rosenberg und Arnold bestätigten würde.)
By the end of January, as it becomes apparent that U.S. housing market expectations for this spring are again overly optimistic (Treffer!), as was the case this year, I believe U.S. Treasury yields will again decline and, before the end of 2011, fall below the lowest levels achieved in 2010 (das würde zu einer deutlichen Korrektur im Aktienmarkt passen).
As a result, I believe the par 30-year fixed conventional conforming mortgage rates in the U.S. will fall below 4% in 2011. I do not believe this will occur until the latter half of 2011, however.
Oil
Although I believe the dollar will rise and gold will fall in 2011, I do not believe that oil will fall. Driven by global supply and demand imbalances, oil has now begun what I believe will be a permanent shift in its absolute price level globally and will begin a faster-than-exponential increase in U.S. dollar pricing beyond 2011. For 2011, though, I believe that oil will have its upward trajectory hampered by the renewed deflationary concerns and that it should stay in the $100-per-barrel range throughout the year. (Ich glaube nicht, dass Öl eine Sonderrolle spielt. Falls sich der deflationäre Zyklus fortsetzt, der die Kurse von US-Staatsanleihen wieder hochbringt und Aktien, Gold und Rohstoffe in den Keller schickt, dürfte sich Öl von dieser Tendenz nicht abkoppeln können.)
Conclusion
The magnitude of the mortgage, real estate and banking crisis in the U.S. and its impact on private-sector economic activity seems to have eluded everyone who is involved in addressing these issues in Washington and New York. The actions taken to date have failed. A Congress divided against itself and divided from the executive branch will severely limit fiscal policy responses to increasing concerns about another recession in the U.S. and cause us to rely on the Fed for monetary stimulus.
Zur Treffsicherheit der Coppock Curve (empirisch)
Technical Analysis
Traveling the Coppock Curve
By Roger Arnold
Street.com Contributor
1/26/2011 5:30 PM EST
A few weeks ago I briefly mentioned the Coppock Curve in my "Outlook for 2011" column (Artikel oben, A.L.). Today I'll examine the curve a bit more closely.
The Coppock Curve was created by Edwin Coppock, a U.S. economist, in 1962. It is a technical indicator that attempts to quantify the psychology of the markets and determine when investor confidence has recovered from a previous secular low level and has begun a new secular upward trend.
One of the most interesting aspects of the curve is that it was created on a theory of bereavement (schmerzlicher Verlust) that had yet to be codified by sociologists. A bit more on that in a minute.
The concept was originally based on the idea that people, in general, need time to heal from the death of a loved one. According to the Episcopal Church, the organization that originally tasked Coppock with determining long-term buying opportunities for investors, this period of mourning was 11 to 14 months in duration.
So Coppock used these two time periods to create a model of investor confidence and then overlaid it onto the empirical data of actual historical market performance for U.S. equity indices, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
The Model
The curve is a reflection of a rolling monthly average weighted return in U.S. equities. Today, however, most followers calculate the measurement daily, and many apply it markets in all classes, globally. A bit more on that in a minute as well.
The creation of the Coppock Curve is as follows:
* The monthly calculation is the rate of return for the past 14 months plus the rate of return for the past 11 months, and then these two averages are averaged to produce a single number.
* Then take the resulting number and multiply by 10.
* Take the previous months' Coppock result and multiply by 9, et cetera, for 10 months.
* Then add these 10 numbers up and divide by 55, 55 being derived as 10 plus 9 plus 8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 -- the weights.
* This number is then plotted and the curve created by drawing the line from the past measurement to the current measurement.
The indicator has a baseline of zero. It expresses optimism and confidence in the positive direction, and pessimism in the negative. It has been bound between readings of roughly positive 600 to negative 600.
Track Record
Since 1872, for the stocks that would have composed the S&P 500 going back that far, the indicator has dipped below the zero baseline only 39 times. For most of this time period, the majority of the curve moved back and forth between positive and negative 200. On only three occasions has the curve exceeded negative 400 before returning to a positive trajectory: in 1932, 1938 and 2009.
The curve signals that a new bull market with the concurrent positive investor sentiment has begun after the monthly indicator has turned positive and been confirmed by the following month. The importance here is that the curve is trend-following, turns positive after the markets have already done so, and merely tries to anticipate the potential for the positive trend to continue.
Caution: Dangerous Curve
Although the curve has been very accurate in its signaling a return to a long-term bull market, there have been a few times when the bull market was short lived and two times specifically that may be considered false signals, or false bottoms: 1941 and 2001. On both occasions, U.S. equity indices declined about 20% from the first buy signal before rebounding again.
A false bottom occurs when the curve turns in a positive trajectory from below the zero baseline, is validated by at least two months measurements, but then reverses to new lows before ever getting into actual positive territory.
The curve has been applied across asset classes globally and converted by most users to a daily measurement. One of the results has been a similar pattern in asset classes all over the world. This seems to indicate that investors have a pattern of being that is very similar everywhere: resilient, optimistic and early adopters.
Recurring Patterns
It wasn't until the late 1960s that Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, a Swiss psychiatrist, codified the five stages of grief to explain the emotional states one goes through in the process of accepting their own mortality once a terminal period has been determined. These stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.
Notice how similar they are to the Schumpeter's four phases of " creative destruction" we discussed last week, which apply over decades, even centuries, to societies; prosperity, recession, depression, revival. In both instances depression is the second to last stage. It is the most negative point in the process. It is the rationale behind the concept that "it's darkest before the dawn."
After the banking crisis of 2008, the world's markets all simultaneously reset, so to speak. The best way I can describe it is like a pinball machine tilting. The result has been a synchronization of Coppock Curves for asset classes all over the world. Quite frankly, I don't know what to make of that and just bring it to your attention to be aware of.
The Coppock Curves for many of the world's stock markets are moving in a negative trajectory right now and are either approaching the zero line or have gone through it. These include the U.S., Australia, Japan, Brazil, Hong Kong, Shanghai and India.
Conclusion
The Coppock Curve is a proven long-term bull market indicator that is not widely followed by financial pundits. Because of its track record, though, investors would be wise to make sure they are aware of what it is indicating before putting money into the market for what they believe will be a long-term holding period.