Expected higher fiscal deficit and bond maturities due in 2010 have increased the need for bond auction financing for all major European economies.
Amongst all major European economies, France and Italy have the highest roll over debt due for 2010 of €281,585 million and €243,586 million, respectively.

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While Germany and France are expected to have the highest fiscal deficit of €125.1 billion and €96.0 billion, respectively in absolute amount for 2010 (this is without taking into consideration any possible bailout of Greece and/or the PIIGS, which will be a very difficult political feat given the current fiscal circumstances), Ireland and Spain are expected to have the highest fiscal deficit as percentage of GDP of 12% and 11%, respectively.
Overall, in terms of total financing needed for 2010 (which includes 2010 bond maturities, short-term roll over debt and fiscal deficit),
France and Germany top the list with € 377.5 billion and €341.6 billion, respectively while the total finance needed as percentage of GDP is expected to be highest for Belgium and Ireland at 26.3% and 22.4%, respectively.However, the recent spate of bond auction failures across Europe is forcing governments to increase premiums on new bond auctions (higher yields), which in turn is resulting in a decline in existing bond prices.As this phenomenon continues, the requirement to garner the required funds to finance scheduled debt repayments and ballooning fiscal deficit will force interest rate increases (due to market forces) by the central government agencies in these countries - a situation which will be unwelcomed in the current situation due to perceived multi-faced negative consequences. This while, on the one hand, will impact banks with exposure to government bonds, will also have the impact of draining liquidity (excess funds) out of the economy - a factor which has been instrumental in driving the current rally in global securities markets since the March of last year - rally that we feel has flown in the face of both the fundamentals and the global macroeconomic outlook. A rise in interest rates (other things remaining constant) is an unwelcome phenomenon for banks as interest rate spread (difference between interest rate earned and interest rate expended) narrows.
* According to a recent economist story "
The bigger concern, however, is not banks' direct exposure to government bonds, which average just 5% of euro-zone banks' assets, but the impact on their financing. The costs of funding for banks on Europe's periphery are rising in tandem with the allegedly "risk-free" benchmark rates on the bonds of troubled European governments. [The same risk is in store for US banks.] Steep downgrades of the sovereign-debt ratings of countries such as Portugal, Greece and Ireland would probably translate into immediate rating cuts for their banks, as well as higher capital charges on banks' debt holdings and bigger haircuts when using this debt as collateral. Regulators are busy designing rules forcing banks to hold more government bonds on the assumption that they are the most liquid assets in a crisis. That premise may not hold for every country's debt." The current PIIGS scenario will put this theory to the test, most likely within one to two fiscal quarters.
The impact of even a small change in a bank's borrowing costs can be extreme.
According to JPMorgan, an increase of just 0.2 percentage points in the borrowing costs of British banks such as Lloyds Banking Group and Royal Bank of Scotland would trim their earnings by 8-11% next year, assuming they could not immediately pass these costs on to customers (an increasingly unlikely event). Overall and contrary to many optimistic reports, the prospects of sovereign default across ALL major European countries are fearsome and they are also quite real, particularly in France, Greece and Italy which have a significantly high share of debt and fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP, and thus need to raise high levels of debt to meet their total finance need in an environment that will reflexively raise their borrowing costs whenever they attempt to hit the market.
As it is, we have had several major European bond failures to date, and the heavy borrowing is just getting started.Greek banks are most exposed to the fallout as they hold about €39 billion of government debt, roughly equivalent to the amount of capital they have.
Further, there are rumours that Greek banks have also been keen sellers of credit-default swaps on sovereign Greek debt, in effect doubling up on their exposure to a debt crisis. This is telling, as one or the most important Greek banks is a publicly traded entity that sports almost 90x adjusted leverage. This leverage supports assets that total nearly 30% of Greece's GDP. This country's institutions appear to be literally resting on splintery stilts! It is recommended that subscribers download the following for a list of Greek banks that we found to have material exposure:Greek Banking Fundamental Tear Shee Greek Banking Fundamental Tear Shee 2010-02-17 02:57:39 420.93 Kb
Moreover, a fallout in Greece is expected to have an adverse impact across European banks as about 60% of the Greek government bonds issued over the past few years were sold to non-Greek European buyers (half of whom may have been banks) according to Commerzbank, The extent of this impact is not known (at least by me) at this time, and may be limited in absolute scope, but may spark a domino effect in relative terms.
Aside from Greece, fallout from other troubled sovereigns that make up the acronym PIIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Spain) is also a concern for the whole of European banking sector.
According to the BIS, European banks have $253 billion at stake in Greece and $2.1 trillion with the other troubled sovereigns. Further, banks in Germany and France have a combined exposure of $119 billion to Greece and $909 billion to the other four members that make up PIIGS.We should not forget the US banks which have less exposure to the troubled euro-zone countries in relative terms, but material exposure nonetheless.
According to Barclays Capital the ten biggest American banks have total exposure of $176 billion to Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Greece. I believe that Greece's borrowing costs will spike significantly, whether they receive a bailout or not. Basically, their credibility has been shot. ........
www.zerohedge.com/article/...spread-western-european-countries